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Depolarization of the neural membrane on exposure to cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate and its possible role in the work of the molecular computer (m.c.) of the neurone
Depolarization of the neural membrane on exposure to cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate and its possible role in the work of the molecular computer (m.c.) of the neurone
1978
Biophysics
1978
1978
Biophysics
V. 23, № 2, 308-314
V. 23, № 2, 308-314
Abstract
Abstract
АННОТАЦИЯ
АННОТАЦИЯ
On introducing into the neurone a separate fourth electrode the authors controlled the conditions of micro injection of cyclic nucleotide monophosphates into the neurones of the edible snail. Rise in the concentration of cAMP within the cell in many neurones causes depolarization of the membrane which is enhanced on exposure to inhibitors of phosphodiesterase: SQ-20009 and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. The weak hyperpolarization rarely observed in a discharging neurone F-1 gives way to depolarization under the influence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. It is assumed that the input of the m.c. is an analogue computer where the modelling process is the diffusion of cAMP, cG MP and Ca2+. In this system adenylate- and guanylate cyclases and ionic channels are controllable sources; phosphodiesterases with Ca-binding proteinactivators-controllable out flows and protein kinases-molecular receivers converting the information on the concentration or the ratio of the concentrations of. cAMP and cG MP into the codes of the m.c. The protein kinases also carry out the direct control of the work of the proteins. The depolarizing effect of cAMP on the membrane of the neurone is apparently connected with the activation of protein kinase or with the direct action on phospholipase.
On introducing into the neurone a separate fourth electrode the authors controlled the conditions of micro injection of cyclic nucleotide monophosphates into the neurones of the edible snail. Rise in the concentration of cAMP within the cell in many neurones causes depolarization of the membrane which is enhanced on exposure to inhibitors of phosphodiesterase: SQ-20009 and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. The weak hyperpolarization rarely observed in a discharging neurone F-1 gives way to depolarization under the influence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. It is assumed that the input of the m.c. is an analogue computer where the modelling process is the diffusion of cAMP, cG MP and Ca2+. In this system adenylate- and guanylate cyclases and ionic channels are controllable sources; phosphodiesterases with Ca-binding proteinactivators-controllable out flows and protein kinases-molecular receivers converting the information on the concentration or the ratio of the concentrations of. cAMP and cG MP into the codes of the m.c. The protein kinases also carry out the direct control of the work of the proteins. The depolarizing effect of cAMP on the membrane of the neurone is apparently connected with the activation of protein kinase or with the direct action on phospholipase.
chaimatics
Chaimatics
Discovery of links between the biology, physics and mathematics, and founding a new area of studies focused on computations in living systems are his life achievements. Efim Liberman gave the name of “Chaimatics” to this new area of science
I
DNA is the text of a code written for molecular computers of living cells. The notion of “Text” is intrinsically opposite to a random sequence of symbols, and it can exist only inside the system of language. In this case, it is a genetic language, which is isomorphic to a natural language
II
Computations conducted in a living cell are real physical actions, and free energy and time must be spent for completing them. As all living organisms are comprised of cells, this statement is applicable to any control processes implemented in the biosphere
III
Molecular computations are limited by the microscopic scale of a cell and inevitable impact of the computations on formulation of a problem begin solved. The Chaimatics grew from the recognition of the computation reality as the quantum mechanics grew from the recognition of the measurement reality.
IV
A cell creates а quantum computing tool for solving complex problems. This tool utilizes hypersound quanta, and uses the cell cytoskeleton as the computing environment. In such a computer, a price of elementary computation converges to the physical limit, which is Planck’s constant
Chaimatic's statements are simple, but they require a change in the traditional vision, rooted in scientific practice
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Chapter I
The journey of life in science
chaimatics
хаиматика
хаиматика
Итогом жизни в науке стало установление связей между биологией, физикой, математикой и новая область исследования, посвященная вычислениям в живых системах. Ефим Либерман дал имя новой науке: «Хаиматика»
I
ДНК – это текст программы для молекулярных компьютеров клеток. «Текст» по определению не случайная последовательность знаков и может существовать только внутри языковой системы. В данном случае это генетический язык, изоморфный естественному языку
II
Вычисление в живой клетке является реальным физическим действием и требует затрат свободной энергии и времени. Поскольку все живые организмы состоят из клеток, это относится ко всему управлению, которое осуществляется в биосфере
III
Молекулярные вычисления ограничены микроскопическим объемом клетки и принципиальной возможностью влияния вычисления на условия решаемой задачи: квантовая механика возникла из осознания реальности измерения, Хаиматика - из реальности вычисления
IV
Для решения сложных задач клетка создает устройство квантового вычисления, использующего кванты гиперзвука и клеточный цитоскелет, как вычисляющую среду. Цена вычисления в таком компьютере стремится к физическому пределу – постоянной Планка
Утверждения Хаиматики просты, но они требуют изменения традиционных представлений, принятых в научной практике
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Глава I
Как все начиналось
хаиматика