Publications
ПУБЛИКАЦИИ
General principles of the work of the receptors and neurones
General principles of the work of the receptors and neurones
1987
Biophysics
1987
1987
Biophysics
V. 32, № 1, 173-175
V. 32, № 1, 173-175
Abstract
Abstract
АННОТАЦИЯ
АННОТАЦИЯ
Higher animals have highly diverse receptors and the receptive cells greatly differ in outward appearance. However, recently information has been obtained in favour of a common mechanism of signal transmission within the receptor cell from the molecular detectors of different signals to the
membrane. An important part of this mechanism is the intra- and extramembrane system discovered by Sutherland and studied in [1,2] of the synthesis and destruction of cyclic nucleotides involved in intraneurone information processing [3]. This system includes n-protein interacting with the molecular receptor [4] (or in the case of the photoreceptors transducing [5]). These n-proteins and other GTP binding proteins join up with the molecule of the receptor and in the presence of a mediator exchange GDP for GTP. The process of phosphorylation provides the memory protein with energy for information transmission.
Higher animals have highly diverse receptors and the receptive cells greatly differ in outward appearance. However, recently information has been obtained in favour of a common mechanism of signal transmission within the receptor cell from the molecular detectors of different signals to the
membrane. An important part of this mechanism is the intra- and extramembrane system discovered by Sutherland and studied in [1,2] of the synthesis and destruction of cyclic nucleotides involved in intraneurone information processing [3]. This system includes n-protein interacting with the molecular receptor [4] (or in the case of the photoreceptors transducing [5]). These n-proteins and other GTP binding proteins join up with the molecule of the receptor and in the presence of a mediator exchange GDP for GTP. The process of phosphorylation provides the memory protein with energy for information transmission.
chaimatics
Chaimatics
Discovery of links between the biology, physics and mathematics, and founding a new area of studies focused on computations in living systems are his life achievements. Efim Liberman gave the name of “Chaimatics” to this new area of science
I
DNA is the text of a code written for molecular computers of living cells. The notion of “Text” is intrinsically opposite to a random sequence of symbols, and it can exist only inside the system of language. In this case, it is a genetic language, which is isomorphic to a natural language
II
Computations conducted in a living cell are real physical actions, and free energy and time must be spent for completing them. As all living organisms are comprised of cells, this statement is applicable to any control processes implemented in the biosphere
III
Molecular computations are limited by the microscopic scale of a cell and inevitable impact of the computations on formulation of a problem begin solved. The Chaimatics grew from the recognition of the computation reality as the quantum mechanics grew from the recognition of the measurement reality.
IV
A cell creates а quantum computing tool for solving complex problems. This tool utilizes hypersound quanta, and uses the cell cytoskeleton as the computing environment. In such a computer, a price of elementary computation converges to the physical limit, which is Planck’s constant
Chaimatic's statements are simple, but they require a change in the traditional vision, rooted in scientific practice
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Chapter I
The journey of life in science
chaimatics
хаиматика
хаиматика
Итогом жизни в науке стало установление связей между биологией, физикой, математикой и новая область исследования, посвященная вычислениям в живых системах. Ефим Либерман дал имя новой науке: «Хаиматика»
I
ДНК – это текст программы для молекулярных компьютеров клеток. «Текст» по определению не случайная последовательность знаков и может существовать только внутри языковой системы. В данном случае это генетический язык, изоморфный естественному языку
II
Вычисление в живой клетке является реальным физическим действием и требует затрат свободной энергии и времени. Поскольку все живые организмы состоят из клеток, это относится ко всему управлению, которое осуществляется в биосфере
III
Молекулярные вычисления ограничены микроскопическим объемом клетки и принципиальной возможностью влияния вычисления на условия решаемой задачи: квантовая механика возникла из осознания реальности измерения, Хаиматика - из реальности вычисления
IV
Для решения сложных задач клетка создает устройство квантового вычисления, использующего кванты гиперзвука и клеточный цитоскелет, как вычисляющую среду. Цена вычисления в таком компьютере стремится к физическому пределу – постоянной Планка
Утверждения Хаиматики просты, но они требуют изменения традиционных представлений, принятых в научной практике
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Глава I
Как все начиналось
хаиматика